Dr. Peter Moeller
NOAA Director and Leading Expert on Emerging Water Toxins
“NanoBOT is a powerful, all natural disinfectant, that has successfully eliminated 100% of bacteria and dangerous water toxins including algae cysts”
Results From Port Mayaca Project
1. Total treatment time was very short – only two (2) twelve hour treatment periods were possible with normal boat traffic in between treatments. This limited time had the potential to skew or negatively impact results. However, the observations actually paralleled textbook results. At the time “0”, 20 gallons of pre-treatment water were removed from the lock and assessed for algae and algaltoxins. The algae cell counts were so high they count not be counted. Algae cells were predominantly (>97%) microcystis. 1 liter of the 20 gallon sample was removed and extracted. In this extract, large amounts of microcystin LR toxins were observed. An estimated 400mg of toxins in the 20 gallon sample, which is an extremely high level of contamination.
2. At 12 hours, there was roughly a 90% reduction in algae cells, much more than anticipated. No algal cells were observed in the 24-hour and 36-hour samples. Despite the lock being opened for boat traffic, which allowed for “new” water and algae exchange, it appears as though the nano-bubbles from the initial treatment were still active. At 72 hours, the lock was virtually clear of observable algae. Our laboratory results show no traces of mcirocystin LR toxin in the 24-hour and36-hour samples. This result was anticipated as cyclic peptides (e.g.; microcystin LR toxin) have shown to be highly susceptible to treatment.
3. Further experiments were conduction on the 20 gallon sample to measure the effects of ammonia and nitrogen levels. We showed an overall reduction in both, which is critical since algal growth is dependent on a fairly fixed ratio of nitrogen and phosphorous. By increasing nitrogen levels and altering N/P ratio, the NBOT may hinder future algal growth.
4. On site measurements showed slight increases in Dissolved Oxygen (“DO”) levels in the 3-5ppm range as well as a significant decrease in turbidity, an indicator of water clarity. There was no reported fish death or any negative impact on wildlife. An increase in fish and wildlife activity was observed (i.e.; fish jumping, water fowl more prevalent), which is expected with increased DO levels.
Youngstown State University Biological Assessment
Results: The data demonstrate that the addition of crude algal toxin extracts obtained from untreated water samples (pre-treatment) significantly reduced the cell viability of all cell lines after 48 h (white bars, cells with toxins), with 60% for skin, 50% for lung and 45% for liver cells as compared to the controls, cells to which no toxin extracts were added (cell viability at 100%) (cells without toxins, closed bars). Algal toxin extracts obtained from NBOT-treated water samples increased the cell viability of all the cell lines as compared to untreated water. Generally, when comparing pre-treatment samples and those with NBOT treatment, there was an increase in cell viability for each location sampled on skin, lung and liver cells. demonstrating that the toxic activity of the toxin extracts obtained from NBOT-treated water samples is reduced, resulting in an increase in cell viability following NBOT treatment.
Conclusion: The obtained results demonstrate that untreated water (pre-treatment) samples contain algal toxins that are harmful to several cell lines, reducing the cell viability with 45 to 60%. Additionally, the findings suggest that NBOT treatment likely destroys algal toxins and resulting in increased cell viability.